KESETARAAN HANYU SHUIPING KAOSHI LEVEL I-IV DENGAN CEFR PADA KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA MANDARIN

Ayu Trihardini, Aprilia Ruby Wikarti, M.A., Resma Nur Anggrini, Riyadh Abdurrahman

Abstract


Abstrak

Sejalan dengan derasnya perkembangan era disrupsi teknologi revolusi industri 4.0, pembelajaran bahasa asing dituntut untuk mempunyai standar tingkat penguasaan sebagai acuan pengukuran kemahiran. Standar yang digunakan di Eropa dan diadaptasi di seluruh dunia yaitu Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Standar CEFR level B2 merupakan standar minimal lulusan program studi kebahasaan pada Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Jakarta (FBS UNJ). Sementara dalam konteks penguasaan bahasa Mandarin, secara khusus digunakan acuan Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai kesetaraan HSK I-IV dengan CEFR pada keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kesetaraan antara HSK dengan CEFR pada keterampilan berbicara dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Materi ajar keterampilan berbicara HSK level I setara dengan CEFR 0 hingga level A1, HSK level II setara dengan CEFR level A2, HSK level III setara dengan CEFR level A2 hingga B1, sedangkan HSK level IV setara dengan CEFR level B1; (2) Materi soal HSKK level dasar setara dengan CEFR 0 hingga level A2, HSKK level menengah setara dengan CEFR level A2 hingga B1.
Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi Asosiasi Program Studi Mandarin Indonesia (APSMI) dalam mengusulkan kesetaraan HSK dengan CEFR versi pengajar bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia, seperti yang telah diajukan Hanban dan Asosiasi Guru Bahasa Mandarin di Prancis dan Jerman. Hasil penelitian mengenai kesetaraan HSK dengan CEFR ini juga mempertegas perwujudan mutu dan jati diri bangsa dalam kaitan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) yang sedang dikembangkan secara nasional. Peneliti menyarankan APSMI agar mengambil peran dalam mengembangkan sebuah standar pendidikan bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia, terutama standar kompetensi pendidikan dan pelatihan bahasa Mandarin secara nasional di bidang-bidang tertentu yang memerlukan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin.


Kata Kunci: Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, CEFR, Keterampilan Berbicara, Bahasa Mandarin

 

Abstract


The rapid flow development of the era of technological disruption in the industrial revolution 4.0, foreign language learning required to have a standard level of mastery as a reference to measure proficiency. The standard used in Europe and adapted throughout the world is the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). CEFR level B2 standard is a minimum standard for graduates of language study programs at the Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Jakarta (FBS UNJ). While in the context of mastering Mandarin, specifically the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) reference is used. This paper will discuss HSK equality with CEFR in Mandarin speaking skills.
Based on the results of the study, the equality between HSK and CEFR on speaking skills can be concluded as follows: (1) Teaching materials on speaking skills for HSK level I is equivalent to CEFR 0 to level A1; HSK level II is equivalent to CEFR level A2; HSK level III is equivalent to CEFR level A2 to B1; while HSK level IV is equivalent to CEFR level B1; (2) Proficiency Test Material for HSKK beginner level is equivalent to CEFR 0 to level A2; HSKK for intermediate level is equivalent to CEFR level A2 to B1. The results of this study can be the basis for the Association of Indonesian Mandarin Study Programs (APSMI) in proposing Indonesian version of HSK correspondend to the level of CEFR, as already asserted by Hanban, also by French and German Associations of Chinese Language Teachers. The results of this research also reinforce the realization of quality and national identity in relation to the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (KKNI), which is being developed nationally. The researcher suggests that APSMI take a role in developing a standard of Mandarin language education in Indonesia, especially the national competency standard of Mandarin education and training in certain fields that require Mandarin speaking skills.


Keywords: Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, CEFR, Speaking Skills, Mandarin


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36279/apsmi.v4i1.94

DOI (PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)): http://dx.doi.org/10.36279/apsmi.v4i1.94.g48

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JURNAL CAKRAWALA MANDARIN 2017,

Alamat Redaksi:
Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Universal
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